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Constituents of the atom

Stable and unstable nuclei

Particles, antiparticles and photons

Particle interactions

Classification of particles

Quarks and antiquarks

Applications of conservation laws

The photoelectric effect

Collisions of electrons with atoms

Energy levels and photon emission

Wave-particle duality

Progressive waves

Longitudinal and transverse waves

Principle of superposition of waves and formation of stationary waves

Interference

Diffraction

Refraction at a plane surface

Scalars and vectors

Moments

Motion along a straight line

Projectile motion

Newton’s laws of motion

Momentum

Work, energy and power

Conservation of energy

Bulk properties of solids

The Young modulus

Basics of electricity

Current–voltage characteristics

Resistivity

Circuits

Potential divider

Electromotive force and internal resistance

Circular motion

Simple harmonic motion (SHM)

Simple harmonic systems

Forced vibrations and resonance

Thermal energy transfer

Ideal gases

Molecular kinetic theory model

Rutherford scattering

α, β and γ radiation

Radioactive decay

Nuclear instability

Nuclear radius

Mass and energy

Induced fission

Safety aspects

Astronomical telescope consisting of two converging lenses

Reflecting telescopes

Single dish radio telescopes, I-R, U-V and X-ray telescopes

Advantages of large diameter telescopes

Classification by luminosity

Absolute magnitude, M

Classification by temperature, black-body radiation

Principles of the use of stellar spectral classes

The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram

Supernovae, neutron stars and black holes

Doppler effect

Hubble's law

Quasars

Detection of exoplanets

Physics of vision

Defects of vision and their correction using lenses

Ear as a sound detection system

Sensitivity and frequency response

Defects of hearing

Simple ECG machines and the normal ECG waveform

Ultrasound imaging

Fibre optics and endoscopy

Magnetic resonance (MR) scanner

The physics of diagnostic X-rays

Image detection and enhancement

Absorption of X-rays

CT scanner

Imaging techniques

Half-life

Gamma camera

Use of high-energy X-rays

Use of radioactive implants

Imaging comparisons

Concept of moment of inertia

Rotational kinetic energy

Rotational motion

Torque and angular acceleration

Angular momentum

Work and power

First law of thermodynamics

Non-flow processes

The p–V diagram

Engine cycles

Second Law and engines

Reversed heat engines

Cathode rays

Thermionic emission of electrons

Specific charge of the electron

Principle of Millikan’s determination of the electronic charge, e

Newton’s corpuscular theory of light

Significance of Young’s double slits experiment

Electromagnetic waves

The discovery of photoelectricity

Wave–particle duality

Electron microscopes

The Michelson-Morley experiment

Einstein’s theory of special relativity

Time dilation

Length contraction

Mass and energy

MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconducting field-effect transistor)

Zener diode

Photodiode

Hall effect sensor

Difference between analogue and digital signals

LC resonance filters

The ideal operational amplifier

inverting amplifier configuration

non-inverting amplifier configuration

summing amplifier configuration

Real operational amplifiers

Combinational logic

Sequential logic

Astables

Principles of communication systems

Transmission media

Time-division multiplexing

Amplitude (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) techniques